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St. Michael

St. Michael is the pilgrimage and monastery church of Engelberg Abbey above the Main, perched some 250 metres up on a spur of the Spessart hills overlooking Großheubach – with Miltenberg to the south-east, from where an old pilgrims' path climbs up. The church carries a double dedication: it honours the Archangel Michael while also drawing pilgrims to the late-medieval devotional image known as „Maria von der Freude“ (Mary of Joy).

Viewpoint

St. Michael is the monastery church of Engelberg Abbey above the Main, set on a prominent ridge high over Großheubach in the Lower Franconian Main valley. The site unites two devotional traditions: veneration of the Archangel Michael as leader of the heavenly host, and pilgrimage to a wooden devotional image of the Virgin Mary. For visitors based in Miltenberg the Engelberg makes a rewarding trip beyond the old town – not least for the views and the abbey's own tavern.

At a Glance

Dedication
the Archangel Michael, together with a Marian pilgrimage to the devotional image „Maria von der Freude“ (Mary of Joy)
Architecture
a plain mendicant-order church, east-facing, with a Neo-Baroque interior
Present church
begun in 1630 under the Capuchins; the square chancel is the oldest part
Location
about 250 m up on the Engelberg, a spur of the Spessart above Großheubach
Access
via the „Engelsstaffeln“, 612 sandstone steps up from Großheubach
Custodians today
since November 2024 the Oblates of St. Joseph – their first foundation in Germany
Of note
the official burial place of the Princes of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg; a monastery tavern serving dark beer matured in wooden casks

History of the Pilgrimage

The hill was originally called „Rulesberg“ and had been a place of worship since pre-Christian times; a massive boulder with a bowl-shaped hollow still recalls this. Around 1300 a simple wooden chapel dedicated to the Archangel Michael was built here – a saint often chosen as patron at former pagan sanctuaries – and so the „Rulesberg“ gradually became the „Engelberg“ (Angel Mountain). Shortly afterwards, in a record for the year 1310, a statue of the Virgin was added that has been venerated ever since as a miraculous devotional image. From this joint veneration of Michael and the Mother of God grew the pilgrimage, whose oldest surviving charter dates from 1406.

As the flow of pilgrims increased, the Archbishop of Mainz, Anselm Casimir, summoned the Capuchins to the hill in 1630 and had the monastery and church built. The Engelsstaffeln were laid out as a pilgrims' path in 1637, and the house was raised to a convent in 1647. With the secularisation of 1803 the monastery was dissolved and the pilgrimage banned; the Capuchins had to move to Aschaffenburg. By order of King Ludwig I of Bavaria the Franciscans reopened the site in 1828 and shaped the Engelberg for almost two centuries. In 2019 the German Franciscan province decided to give up the monastery, a step completed on 31 July 2024.

© OpenStreetMap-Mitwirkende · CC BY-SA 2.0

The Monastery Church

The east-facing church is built as a plain mendicant-order church and has no true transept. At the level of the central nave bay two lower chapels adjoin it: the Marian chapel on the right and, on the left, a chapel dedicated to St. Anthony of Padua. The square chancel is regarded as the oldest part of the building; instead of a tower the church carries a roof turret. A stone cross tops the west façade, and in a shell niche a three-metre stone sculpture shows the patron Michael fighting Satan, created in 1635 by the Miltenberg sculptor Zacharias Huncker the Elder. Above the portal stands Mary with the Christ Child between two angels, beneath the Latin inscription HIC EST DOMUS DEI ET PORTA CAELI – „This is the house of God and the gate of heaven“.

The single-nave interior is Neo-Baroque. Colour-accented pilasters divide the nave into three bays, whose ceiling paintings take up the angel theme: the Expulsion from Paradise above the organ gallery, Michael's battle against Lucifer in the central bay, and the Annunciation in the front bay. The present altars all date from the 20th century; the high altar was made in 1909, with a modern celebration altar in front of it.

The Marian Chapel and Devotional Image

The Marian chapel to the right of the nave, consecrated in 1701, holds the true goal of the pilgrims: the wooden, carved devotional image „Maria von der Freude“ from the 14th century. The figure, just 75 centimetres tall, shows a seated, gently smiling Mary holding a sceptre in her right hand and supporting the Christ Child with her left; the Child, in a teaching pose, presents a book. Above the image the Coronation of the Virgin by the Holy Trinity is depicted, flanked by St. Joseph and St. Anne. Tombs along the side walls show that the chapel also served at times as a burial place – the Engelberg has been the official burial place of the House of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg since 1724.

Pilgrims' Paths and Surroundings

The shortest ascent from Großheubach runs up the „Engelsstaffeln“ (also called the „Himmelssteige“, or Steps to Heaven) with their 612 steps; the way is lined with Stations of the Cross and six wayside chapels. From Miltenberg to the south-east the „Maria-Hilf-Weg“ leads up through the forest to the shrine, passing the Maria-Hilf chapel built around 1690. North of the church, past the monastery cemetery and through an archway, lies the „Franziskus-Garten“ with a bronze figure of the saint as „God's Minstrel“.

The Monastery Today

Since November 2024 the Oblates of St. Joseph have lived on the Engelberg, having founded their first community in Germany here (officially on 3 November 2024). The monastery remains a destination for many pilgrims and day-trippers and is known for its dark beer, matured in wooden casks and served in the monastery tavern. The church is open on Mondays and from Wednesday to Sunday, 7 a.m. to 6 p.m.

Map

Blue dots: other places nearby — tap to explore.

Address

Kloster Engelberg 1
Miltenberg

Hours

Mo: 07:00–18:00

Di: 07:00–18:00

Mi: 07:00–18:00

Do: 07:00–18:00

Fr: 07:00–18:00

Sa: 07:00–18:00

So: 07:00–18:00

Contact

09371 9489414

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