Skip to content
stuff to do in.Miltenberg
© Commander-pirx · CC BY-SA 4.0

Ohrenbacher Schanze Earthwork

Rectangular rampart on the Geißberg whose origin — Roman-era or early medieval — remains unresolved to this day; excavations uncovered Roman pottery.

The Ohrenbacher Schanze, also known as the Römerschanze, Heunenschüssel, or Vielbrunner Schanze, is an earthwork on the ridge of the Geißberg above the Ohrenbach valley. Whether the rampart dates from Roman times or the early Middle Ages remains unresolved to this day.

At a Glance

Type
earthen rampart (Wallanlage), Roman-era or early medieval
Location
ridge of the Geißberg above the Ohrenbach valley, between Vielbrunn (Bremhof, Hesse) and the district of Rüdenau (Miltenberg, Bavaria)
Layout
rectangular with rounded corners
Dimensions
today approx. 88.6 × 76.5 m (ditch to ditch) or 77.3 × 66 m (rampart to rampart)
Access
inward-drawn 'pincer gate' about 3.50 m wide on the east side
Finds
Roman pottery from the 2nd century
Protection status
archaeological monument, no. D-6-6220-0003

Location and Surroundings

The rampart lies near a prehistoric ridge path running from Bremhof via Mainbullau to Miltenberg along the highland ridge. A few meters to the west, at the Geißberg saddle by the Lauseiche natural monument, several ancient trackways cross in a north-south direction between Laudenbach (Main Limes) and the Ohrenbach valley. The plateau between the Ohrenbach and the Main remains sparsely settled and heavily wooded to this day.

© Bayerische Vermessungsverwaltung - www.geodaten.bayern.de · CC BY 4.0

Structure and Dimensions

Three earthen ramparts roughly three meters high — two outer ones and an inner one — are surrounded by a ditch about 1.5 meters deep. At the center of the eastern short side lies the inward-drawn 'pincer gate,' oriented toward the praetorial front and containing many pieces of sandstone; at the east gate the ditch is interrupted. The interior, divided by a cross-ditch, holds the remains of a well, additionally protected by a surrounding rampart-and-ditch system. As early as 1813, Johann Friedrich Knapp gave the side lengths as 90 paces (nearly 66 m) and 80 paces (about 58.5 m); modern surveys of the terrain relief yield the somewhat larger figures noted above. This would make the site comparable to the forts of the Odenwald Limes, and in size even slightly larger than, for example, the Eulbach fort. Limes-type fortifications, which Knapp himself could no longer find and therefore doubted, cannot be verified on the plateau.

© Commander-pirx · CC BY-SA 4.0

Research and Interpretation

Knapp described the site by 1813 at the latest, and it appeared in the Limeswerk in 1900. Soundings carried out by Georg Hocks in 1912/1913 turned up exclusively Roman pottery from the 2nd century; two of his exploratory trenches at the cross-ditch are still visible on site. Because of its atypical location between the two Limes lines, a Roman origin is not considered certain. In 1984, Dietwulf Baatz did not rule out a Roman origin but called for further investigation: the size, rounded corners, and pincer gate resemble Limes forts, while only the inner ditch remains atypical.

© Commander-pirx · CC BY-SA 4.0

Timber for Mogontiacum

There is debate over whether the rampart served as an outpost of the Odenwald Limes to guard the ridge path, or as a work camp and sawmill site. It is assumed that Roman army logging details felled timber in the Odenwald for places such as Mogontiacum (modern Mainz) and floated it down the Main to the Rhine. In his 1995 dissertation, drawing on Bingemer, Theodor K. Kissel described the site as a timber-processing operation. Cited in support are four inscribed stones from the forts of Trennfurt, Obernburg, and Stockstadt, attributed to detachments of Legion XXII (Antoniniana) Primigenia Pia Fidelis stationed at Mogontiacum and dated to 206–214 AD. Because of its markedly rectangular shape, the Trennfurt fort is also considered a storage and loading site on the Main; in 1900, Wilhelm Conrady suspected a connecting route from there to the Hainhaus fort.

© Commander-pirx · CC BY-SA 4.0

Monument Protection

In the Bavarian List of Monuments, the site is listed as a retroactively qualified archaeological monument, classified there as the earthwork 'Ohrenbacher Schanze' of late imperial or early medieval date. Investigations and targeted collection of finds require official permission; chance finds must be reported to the monument protection authorities.

© Commander-pirx · CC BY-SA 4.0

Gallery

© Commander-pirx · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
© Commander-pirx · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
© Commander-pirx · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
© Commander-pirx · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons

Map

Blue dots: other places nearby — tap to explore.

You might also like — related or nearby

Römerschanze

The Römerschanze – officially the earthwork "Ohrenbacher Schanze" and locally also called Heunenschüssel or Vielbrunner Schanze – is a prehistoric or early-medieval rampart enclosure on the Geißberg ridge above the Ohrenbach valley. Whether the rectangular earthwork dates from Roman or early-medieval times remains an open question to this day.

8.6 kmAltes Rathaus© Karlunun · CC0

Altes Rathaus

This Gothic ashlar sandstone building of 1378 began as a Mainz trading house and served Miltenberg as its town hall from 1814 to 1949.

Old Jewish Cemetery

5.0(1)· Google

One of two Jewish cemeteries in Miltenberg, nestled against the town's southeastern medieval wall in Lower Franconia.

Comments

  • Loading comments…

Sources & links

Auto-generated, last verified: 2026-07-13

How this page is made

This page draws on open sources — Wikipedia, Wikidata, official websites and the city’s open data. Every statement is checked against the sources linked here, and pages are refreshed regularly.

Spotted a mistake anyway? Tell us below — we read every submission.

Something missing or wrong?

Help us improve — suggest an edit or a new place.