Kastell Miltenberg-Ost (Miltenberg-Ost Fort)
Where the Main Limes meets the river and the Vorderer Limes begins – a Roman frontier fort now completely built over.
Near Miltenberg in Lower Franconia, the fort of Miltenberg-Ost—also known as Kastell Bürgstadt—once stood as a Roman garrison from the Principate era. It marked the southern end of the Main Limes chain of fortifications while also forming the northern starting point of the "Vorderer Limes," part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site "Upper Germanic-Rhaetian Limes."
At a Glance
- Type
- Roman fort from the Principate period
- Province
- Germania superior
- Garrison
- A numerus for security and surveillance
- Founded
- Around 159/160 AD as a wood-and-earth fort
- Stone fort
- 86.37/85.90 × 70.88/73.83 meters (0.63 hectares)
- Location
- On the boundary with Bürgstadt, between Gartenstraße and Bürgstädter Straße
- Today
- Nothing remains above ground; the site is covered by private houses
Location and Surroundings
The Main River flows about 130 meters northwest of the fort's northwest wall. Here the Main Limes comes to an end: the frontier line leaves the river and turns south toward Walldürn (Section 7). This turning point was already located in 1911 by Oskar Winterhelt through his discovery of Watchtower 6 on Section 7. The State Vocational School Miltenberg-Obernburg now stands nearby.
Strategic Significance
The fort was built when the frontier was pushed eastward to the Vorderer Limes under Emperor Antoninus Pius. This relocation of garrisons was a long-planned move affecting all military sites along the Neckar-Odenwald Limes. At the same time, the Miltenberg-Altstadt fort was established roughly 2,300 meters northwest along the same riverbank. Miltenberg-Ost was the southernmost post on the "Wet Limes" and simultaneously the northernmost point of the Vorderer Limes. The military and trade road connecting the Main valley to the Rhine and Neckar began at the Altstadt fort.
Construction and Design
The original wood-and-earth fort was later replaced by a stone structure with a slightly irregular, not quite rectangular layout and rounded corners. Large portions of the enclosing wall survived, in places rising five courses of stone above its projecting base; the standing masonry measured 1.60 meters in width excluding the base. A red mortar line highlighted the joints of the neatly laid shell masonry. Conservator Georg Hock compared the craftsmanship to the nearby Brittones structures along the Odenwald Limes. In front of the wall lay a 1.40-meter-wide berm and a V-shaped ditch, still five meters wide at the top and 1.50 to 1.70 meters deep.
Gates and Building Inscription
Four single-lane gates provided access to the interior, three of them flanked by pairs of rectangular gate towers. Winterhelt fully excavated the Porta praetoria facing the Main; its passage measured 4.14 meters wide, and one gate tower still preserved a stone block designed to hold a gate leaf. The rear southeastern gate, the Porta decumana, consisted only of two 0.70-meter-wide flanking walls, measuring 3.23 meters in width with a clear depth of 3.65 meters. In 1979, a building inscription of red sandstone was discovered in the ditch in front of the Porta decumana. It names Emperor Septimius Severus and his son Caracalla, dating the stone construction phase to between 198 and 209 AD.
Research and Present Condition
For a long time, local historians suspected the fort's location lay in the field known since the mid-17th century as "Im Bürglin." It was not until 1912 that Winterhelt came across the remains during construction work, excavating the fort in 1912/1913. At the start of the Reich Limes Commission's research, the remains still lay largely in open fields before being completely destroyed by new construction. From 1979 onward, investigations continued with the Bavarian State Office for the Preservation of Historical Monuments; test excavations in the flood zone in front of the western wall in 1984 and 1998 yielded no findings. In 1998, fringe areas of the fort's vicus with pottery kilns were examined, and Marcus Jae surveyed roughly a sixth of the interior in the eastern half, including the Porta principalis dextra, during an excavation. Since city planners did not preserve the old boundaries and street layouts, the site's topography can no longer be reconstructed, and the privately built-up land is not accessible to the public.
Map
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Address
Am Stadtweg 15
Miltenberg
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Sources & links
Auto-generated, last verified: 2026-07-13
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